Application of Textiles In Automobile

There are a number of hot melt adhesives in use, with the most common being those used for hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive applications:

� ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers, compatible with paraffin, the original hot melt;
� styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) copolymers;
� styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymers;
� ethylene ethyl acrylate copolymers (EEA); and
� Polyurethane reactive (PUR).

Generally, these polymers do not exhibit the full range of performance characteristics required for an end product by themselves. Thus, "a variety of tackifying resins, waxes, antioxidants, plasticizers, and other materials are added to the adhesive formulation to enhance the polymer performance."

The latest hot melt adhesive advance is the PUR adhesive, which is a 100 percent solid, one-component urethane prepolymer that "behaves like a standard hot melt until it reacts with moisture to crosslink or chain extend, forming a new polyurethane polymer." By curing the polymer in this way, PURs have performance characteristics that are more enhanced than those of standard hot melts. Unlike many of the other hot melts, which require a slot die or roll coater, PURs are applied to a substrate as a dot or a thin glue line, set in seconds, and are structurally rigid in minutes, following a final set. These adhesives have been accepted in many manufacturing industries, where they can be applied in small bond points to eliminate use of mechanical fasteners, such as staples, screws, rivets, clips, snaps, nails or stitching.

Hot melt adhesives form a strong bond quickly simply by cooling, are compatible with most materials, and are clean and easy to handle. ) In general, hot melt adhesives are less water sensitive than other thermoplastic polymers, and are unaffected by water, moisture, or humidity, although if applied to a damp or wet surface the bonding may be poor. Hot melts can be formulated to increase their water sensitivity, as when used for stamps, envelopes and paper products that are to be recycled.

Hot melt adhesives have some limitations that must be recognized. Hot melts cannot be used with heat sensitive substrates; the adhesive bonds lose strength at high temperatures; chemical resistance may be lacking with some types of hot melts; and exposure to high temperature environments can cause the adhesive to melt. Consequently, hot melt adhesives are inappropriate in situations where these limitations cannot be avoided. For example, hot melts should not be used on a substrate that would be near a heat source, such as a kitchen cabinet that would be placed near an oven. However, innovations in hot melts are removing some of these limitations: PURs are resistant to heat once they are cured, and could be used on substrates subsequently exposed to heat.

Carpets

Carpets are manufactured either by tufting or needle felting. Carpets made by tufting are based upon a supportive backing which is used as a base to accept the pile yarns which becomes the uppermost surface.

Carpet backing is usually spun bonded and is made by an integrated process in which polymer chips are melted and filaments are extracted through a die. Mainly polyester is used in Making this carpet backing whereas a blend of nylon and polyester is used in some occasions. But during recent times polypropylene is assuming great importance considering the recyclability.

The process of needling has got the advantages of more productivity at relatively low cost. But carpets produced by needling cannot be used to cover sharp counters especially foot areas and transmission tunnels. Superior needled material has a good filling which is determined by the amount of vertically oriented fibres at a given stitch density.